MODULE 1

Computer Arithmetic and Processor Basics

Algorithms for binary multiplication and division. Fixed and floating-point number representation. Functional units of a computer, Von Neumann and Harvard computer architectures, CISC and RISC architectures. Processor Architecture – General internal architecture, Address bus, Data bus, control bus. Register set – status register, accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, general purpose registers. Processor operation – instruction cycle, instruction fetch, instruction decode, instruction execute, timing response, instruction sequencing and execution (basic concepts, datapath.

MODULE 2

8051 Architecture

Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors. Architecture – Block diagram of 8051, Pin configuration, Registers, Internal Memory, Timers, Port Structures, Interrupts. Assembly Language Programming - Addressing Modes, Instruction set (Detailed study of 8051 instruction set is required).

MODULE 3

Programming and Interfacing of 8051

Simple programming examples in assembly language. Interfacing with 8051 using Assembly language programming: LED, Seven segment LED display. Programming in C - Declaring variables, Simple examples – delay generation, port programming, code conversion.

Interfacing of – LCD display, Keyboard, Stepper Motor, DAC and ADC -- with 8051 and its programming.

MODULE 4

Advanced Concepts

8051 Timers/Counters - Modes and Applications. Serial Data Transfer – SFRs of serial port, working, Programming the 8051 to transfer data serially. Introduction to ARM - ARM family, ARM 7 register architecture. ARM programmer’s model. System software - Assembler, Interpreter, Compiler, Linker, Loader, Debugger.

MODULE 5

The Memory System

Types of memory - RAM, ROM. Memory Characteristics and Hierarchy. Cache memory – The basics of Caches, Mapping techniques, Improving Cache performance. Virtual memory – Overlay, Memory management, Address translation. Input/Output Organization – Introduction, Synchronous vs. asynchronous I/O, Programmed I/O, Interrupt driven I/O, Direct Memory Access.